How can hospitals support someone with communication difficulties?
Start by asking how the person communicates best and what would make the interaction effective. Depending on the situation, useful supports can include more response time, writing, visual choices, accessible electronic text, qualified interpreters, assistive listening systems, communication boards, AAC, or other auxiliary aids and services.
Simple and complex conversations may need different supports
The U.S. Department of Justice explains that the aid or service needed for effective communication depends on the nature, length, complexity, and context of the communication. A brief scheduling exchange may be handled differently from informed consent, a medical history, a serious diagnosis, or treatment discussion.
Use the person's normal communication method
A communication card can tell staff what helps, but it should complement rather than replace the person's established communication method. Keep an AAC device within reach, allow adequate time, and ask before physically assisting with a device or communication aid.
A companion is not automatically the interpreter
Family members and supporters can be important communication partners, but covered entities have their own effective-communication obligations. The DOJ guidance places limits on relying on an accompanying adult to interpret and explains that the person's communication needs and the context matter.
Keep a support card focused on communication
A short support card can state practical preferences such as “please give me time to answer,” “I use a communication device,” or “show me written choices.” It should not become a substitute medical record or attempt to direct clinical treatment.
Primary sources and further reading
- U.S. Department of Justice: Communicating Effectively with People with Disabilities
- ADA Requirements: Effective Communication